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Highly doped (50%) Erbium YAG is a well-known laser source for producing 2940nm emission, commonly used in medical [1] (e.g. cosmetic skin resurfacing), and dental [2] (e.g. oral surgery) applications due to the strong water and hydroxapatite absorption at this wavelength.
Low doped (< 1%) Erbium YAG hase been studied as an efficient means to generate high power and high energy 1.6 micron 'eye-safe' laser emission thru 2 level resonant pumping schemes. In these systems, fiber or diode lasers pump the ~1.5 micron 4I15/2 − > 4I13/2 4I15/2 4I13/2 absorption band, where non-raditive coupling between stark levels allows 1.6 micron laser emission with quantum efficiencies in excess of 90% [3].
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| Er3+ concentration range | 0.1 - 100 atomic % |
| Dopant Ion Density @ 1 atomic % | |
| Y3+ Site | 1.38 x 1022 cm-3 |
| Al3+Site (IV) | 1.38 x 1022 cm-3 |
| Al3+Site (VI) | 0.92 x 1022 cm-3 |
| 50% Er:YAG | Low Doped (0.1% - 1.0%) Er:YAG | |
| Emission Wavelength | 2.94 μm | 1.6 μm |
| Laser Transition | 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 | 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 |
| Flouresence Lifetime | 230 μs | 2+-5 ms |
| Pump Wavelength | 600-800 nm | 1.5 μm |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 6.14 x 10-6 K-1 |
| Thermal Diffusivity | 0.041 cm2 s-2 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 11.2 W m-1 K-1 |
| Specific Heat (Cp) | 0.59 J g-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistant | 800 W m-1 |
| Refractive Index @ 632.8 nm | 1.83 |
| dn/dT (Thermal Coefficient of Refractive Index) @ 1064nm | 7.8 10-6 K-1 |
| Molecular Weight | 593.7 g mol-1 |
| Melting Point | 1965°C |
| Density | 4.56 g cm-3 |
| MOHS Hardness | 8.25 |
| Young’s Modulus | 335 Gpa |
| Tensile Strength | 2 Gpa |
| Crystal Structure | Cubic |
| Standard Orientation | <111> |
| Y3+ Site Symmetry | 8D2 |
| Lattice Constant | a=12.013 Å |
1) 1.Teikemeier G, Goldberg DJ. "Skin resurfacing with the erbium:YAG laser". Dermatol. Surg. 23, 685-687 (1997).
2) 2. Bornstein E. "Proper use of Er:YAG lasers and contact sapphire tips when cutting teeth and bone: scientific principles and clinical application". Dent. Today 23, 84, 86-89; quiz 89
3) 3.S. D. Setzler, et. al., "Resonantly Pumped Eyesafe Erbium Lasers". IEEE Journal of Selected topics in Quantum Electronics 11, 645 (2005).
Laser Materials